Lithium-ion Battery Safety Guidance

1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this guideline is to provide users of lithium-ion (Li-ion) and lithium polymer (LiPo) cells and battery packs with comprehensive information to safely handle them under normal and emergency conditions at Western Michigan University (WMU). Caution is crucial due to the potential for fire and injury if these batteries are mishandled or damaged.

2.0 BACKGROUND

Batteries categorized as primary or secondary play a vital role in transforming and storing energy. Li-ion/LiPo batteries have gained popularity due to their advantages like lightweight, high energy density, and longer lifespan. WMU utilizes these batteries in various research projects and applications, necessitating proper handling to avoid incidents.

3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 Researchers/Students

• Implement all applicable provisions of this guidance.
• Obtain and review the battery manufacturer’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and Technical Specification sheet(s).
• Develop written standard operating procedures (SOPs) for lithium and lithium-ion powered research devices.
• Ensure proper disposal of battery assemblies.

3.2 Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S) Office

• Maintain this Guidance.
• Assist in training and communicating safety requirements.
• Manage waste disposal.
• Investigate incidents involving Li-ion/LiPo batteries.

3.3 WMU EHS and Shipping

• Aid with the shipment of Li-ion/LiPo batteries, including proper packaging and documentation.

4.0 HANDLING AND USE

Proper handling significantly reduces the risk of fire from reputable Li-ion batteries. Best practices include purchasing from reliable manufacturers, reading documentation, and avoiding misuse or abuse.

4.1 Best Practices for Lithium-ion Cell/Battery Use

• Purchase batteries from reputable manufacturers, or acquire permission from your Lab Supervisor or WMU EHS. Reputable manufacturers include, but are not limited to, companies such as Duracell, Panasonic, and LG Chem.
• Read all documentation provided with the battery.
• Avoid mishandling such as burning, disassembling, or puncturing.
• Inspect batteries for damage before use and promptly dispose of damaged ones.

4.2 Transporting Batteries

• Take precautions to avoid dropping batteries.
• Protect terminals and connections during transport.

4.3 Charging/Discharging

• Follow manufacturer recommendations for charging Li-ion battery packs.
• Ensure outlets used for charging meet standard voltage requirements and avoid using damaged or low-quality outlets.
• For research projects, incorporate additional charging safety recommendations.

4.4 Working Area

• Ensure the working surface is non-conductive and non-combustible.
• Keep the area free from flammable materials and sharp objects.
• Maintain an ambient temperature between 59°F and 95°F.

5.0 STORAGE

Proper storage is critical to maintain battery performance and reduce the risk of fire and explosion. Guidelines for storing cells, batteries, and packs are outlined.

5.1 Cells - Batteries - Packs

• Store batteries not actively used for more than 3 days in a designated storage area.
• Store LiPo/Li-ion battery packs at 60-70% of rated capacity when not in use.
• Use fireproof safety bags or containers for storage.

5.2 Area

• Store batteries in a dry, well-ventilated place at room temperature.
• Avoid storing batteries in extreme temperature ranges.
• Have a dedicated area for lithium-ion battery storage.

6.0 SHIPMENT

Only trained and authorized personnel are allowed to prepare, package, and ship Li-ion batteries. Non-compliance with shipping regulations can result in significant penalties. WMU EHS Office aids in proper packaging and documentation for shipment. For more detailed information, visit the Hazardous Material Shipping at WMU webpage.

7.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Li-ion/LiPo batteries pose additional safety risks during emergencies. Procedures for damaged batteries, overheating, venting, leaking cells, exploded cells, and Li-ion battery fires are detailed.

7.1 Damaged Batteries

• Disconnect the battery after an impact or accident.
• Contact the EHS office for proper disposal after 2 days.

7.2 Overheating, Venting, and Leaking Cells

• Disconnect the charger and evacuate the area.
• If leaking material is present, do not touch it.
• Contact EHS for assistance and do not handle the cell until it reaches room temperature.

7.3 Exploded Cell

• Evacuate the area and initiate emergency assistance.
• Turn on ventilation if safe to do so.
• Contact EHS for assistance in removing the damaged battery cell as hazardous waste.

7.4 Lithium-ion Battery Fires

• Trained personnel should attempt to extinguish early-stage fires using suitable fire extinguishers.
• Do not attempt to extinguish larger fires; evacuate the area and contact Campus Police.

First Aid Procedures in Case of Contact with Electrolyte

• Rinse the affected area with plenty of water.
• Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

8.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste disposal must adhere to federal, state, and local regulations. Lithium-ion batteries are considered hazardous waste and must be managed accordingly.

8.1 Disposal of Damaged or Unusable Li-ion Batteries

• Label the battery as "Universal Waste - Batteries".
• Tape exposed terminals to prevent short circuits.
• Place the battery in a plastic bag or container.
• Contact the WMU EHS office for disposal.

8.2 Recycling Options

• Utilize recycling programs for batteries.
• Consult with the EHS office for information on approved recycling vendors.

9.0 INCIDENT REPORTING

Report all incidents and near-misses in the laboratory involving Li-ion/LiPo batteries. All work-related accident/injuries at WMU must be reported by filling out the incident report (311 Form). Follow the link: WMU EHS Accident-Injury-Incident Report Form

10.0 LINKS TO APPLICABLE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

Universal Waste: Michigan EGLE Universal Waste Guidelines

Published: 7/3/2024